John Randolph
John
Randolph (1773-1833) - Politician
John Randolph, American politician and statesman, was born
into great wealth, in Cawsons, Virginia. In an article by Rich Wallace (local historian)
and James P. Humphrey that appeared in "The Sidney Daily News", February 26,
1997, they preface their article on the Randolph slaves with the following comments on the slaves benefactor.
This true tale (Randolph slaves) begins with a most
interesting white plantation owner in Virginia. Historian Russell Kirk described him as
"a radical man yet a political conservative" with "alternating ferocity and
compassion, his duels, his beautiful letters...his fits of madness...his brandy and
opium...his passionate Christianity, his lonely plantation life, and his quixotic
opposition to the great political and economic powers of the day."
Kirk was describing the man who would unknowingly
contribute to the cultural richness Sidney enjoys today. John Randolph of Roanoke was a
member of perhaps the most powerful family in the South from the late 1700s until at least
the Civil War. He had served as the
legislative leader in the Virginia Assembly for his cousin, Thomas Jefferson. History
records that he ruled the Assembly with an iron hand and a whip. He was the
unquestioned master of a string of plantations in the Tidewater area of Virginia.
Jonathan Daniels, in his book "The Randolphs of
Virginia" described the family as "Americas foremost family," and
Randolph as an orator and businessman "with few peers." Although he competed
stride for stride with other members of the Virginia aristocracy by amassing over 8,000
acres of land and 400 slaves, John Randolph had doubts all of his life about the morality
of the use of slaves. He was one of the first plantation owners to recognize the benefits
of educating his slaves and treating them as humanely as possible. According to Helen Gilmore, after inheriting his plantation, he never sold
or bought additional slaves.
Randolph personally taught many of them to read and write.
He also organized them into groups and gave them separate tracts of land for which they
were to be responsible - an unusual approach in those days. Economic expediency compelled
him to accept slavery as a fact of life while he lived, although he continually spoke
against its evils. John Randolph never married. He battled the effects of tuberculosis all
his life, and the use of Opium (legal at the time*) as a pain killer resulted in his
addiction to the substance. * Opium importation was banned by Congress in 1909 for
anything but medicinal purposes. Opium derivatives are widely used in codeine and
morphine.
'Black History' segment
written in June, 1998 by David Lodge
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